In other words, so far as Section 84 is concerned, the Court is only concerned with the state of mind of the accused at the time of the act.It is clear that it is only that unsoundness of mind which materially impairs the cognitive faculties of the mind that can form a ground for exemption from criminal responsibility. The English Courts have interpreted it as involuntary movement of the body or limbs of a person. He then again tossed up the head. On her return along with a police constable she found that her brother had suddenly killed the deceased by beheading him as if cutting a log of wood.He tossed up the severed head a few times in the air and then bringing it near the body chopped it off in such a manner that the brain substance fell out. (3) The accused was being treated for unsoundness of mind for the last two years approximately— diagnosed as suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. Medically a person may be certified sane or insane, as the case may be, but legally he will be held insane (of unsound mind) only if he successfully proves the requirement of the law under this section which will entitle him to be acquitted of the charge. The accused pleaded the defence of unsoundness of mind when prosecuted for rape. If a person possesses the former, he cannot be protected in law, whatever might be the result of his potentiality. (5) The motive of killing the wife was weak being that she was opposing the idea of resigning from his job as constable. The accused was a relative of the in-laws of the mother of the prosecutrix. Even though Mc Naughten Rules continue to be in existence in England, a partial defence in the form of diminished responsibility has been introduced only for murder. Whereas, the law is administered upon the principle that everyone If the accused was conscious that the act was one that he ought not to do and if that act was at the same time contrary to the law of the land, he is punishable, and the usual course, therefore, has been to leave the question to the jury whether the accused had a sufficient degree of reason to know that he was doing an act that was wrong; and this course we think is correct accompanied with such observations and explanations as the circumstances of each particular case may require.If a person under an insane delusion as to existing facts commits an offence, in consequence thereof, is he thereby excused?The answer must, of course, depend on the nature of delusion; but making the same assumption as we did before, namely, that he labours under such partial delusion only, and is not in other respects insane, we think he must be considered in the same situation as to responsibility as if facts with respect to which the delusion exists were real.For example, if under the influence of his delusion he supposes another man to be in the act of attempting to take away his life and he kills the man, as he supposes, in self-defence, he would be exempt from punishment. These were followed by the Mc Naughten’s case in 1843 which has a great bearing on the Indian law relating to unsoundness of mind as a defence under this section.In 1843, the accused Mc Naughten of Scotland killed Mr. Drummond, the private secretary of the British Prime Minister Sir Robert Pel, believing under a mistake that he was killing the Prime Minister. The nature and the extent of the unsoundness of mind required must reach that stage as would make the offender incapable of knowing the nature of his act or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law.In Madhukar G. Nigade v. State of Maharashtra, the High Court of Bombay held that in order to get the benefit of Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code, it has to be brought on record that at the time when the said offence was committed, the accused was mentally not fit to understand the consequences of his action and was of unsound mind at that time.The difficulty in dealing with the subject of insanity has been felt by the jurists for want of medical knowledge and the controversy between the medical and the legal profession of the subject.

(2) The cause of ailment was not known—heredity plays a part.



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