Traditional Aboriginal Tasmanians also related beliefs of a spiritual afterlife. They play an active role in managing an estimated 20 per cent of the Australian continent, upon which lies some of our most environmentally precious natural assets and, for Indigenous people, is rich in cultural and spiritual meaning. Aboriginal cultural heritage sites provide further evidence of the long connection with the landscape.Aboriginal cultural values are also evident in intangible knowledge associated with the TWWHA including story, song, dance, language, kinship, custom, ceremony and ritual. Tasmanian Aboriginal culture is one of the world's most enduring. However, it was with scant attention to human rights that the British developed their colony of Van Diemen's Land. Scientists were interested in studying Aboriginal Tasmanians from a However, many of these skeletons were obtained from Aboriginal "mummies" from graves or bodies of the murdered. A Though many Aboriginal deaths went unrecorded, the European and Aboriginal casualties, including the Aboriginal residents who were captured, may be considered as reasonably accurate. In earlier generations there was some interaction with people in what is now southern Victoria until rising sea levels formed the islands of Tasmania about 12 000 years ago. Several different species of plant were used, including white flag iris, blue flax lily, rush and sag, some of which are still used by contemporary basket makers, and sometimes shells are added for ornamental expression.Making necklaces from shells is a significant cultural tradition among Tasmanian Aboriginal women.The necklaces were initially only made out of the shells of the Tasmanian ochre ranges in colour from white through yellow to red. However, only four groups totalling 160–200 people were officially recorded as the main source by Robinson, whose journals begin in 1829. By 1810 seal numbers had been greatly reduced by hunting so most seal hunters abandoned the area, however a small number of sealers, approximately fifty mostly "renegade sailors, escaped convicts or ex-convicts", remained as permanent residents of the Bass Strait islands and some established families with Tasmanian Aboriginal women.Some of the women were taken back to the islands by the sealers involuntarily and some went willingly, as in the case of a woman called Tarerenorerer (Eng:Walyer). However, it was with scant attention to human rights that the British developed their colony of Van Diemen's Land. Aboriginal Heritage Tasmania acknowledges the palawa and pakana people (Tasmanian Aboriginal community) as Traditional Owners of lutruwita (Tasmania). You can even find middens at Midway Point,  just 20 km from Hobart.The first Europeans to meet Tasmanian Aborigines were the French sailors involved in Captain Nicholas Marion du Fresne's expedition of 1772. When a French sailor  was injured by a thrown stone, du Fresne ordered a volley of musket shots, which killed one Aborigine and wounded others.Numerous, friendly encounters between Europeans and the Aboriginal people have been recorded at Adventure Bay on Bruny Island: Captain James Cook in 1777; Lieutenant William Bligh in 1788; and Rear Admiral Bruny D'Entrecasteaux in 1792, who stayed a month on the island, having friendly meetings with  the Aborigines, exchanging gifts and sharing meals of roasted shellfish.The first European explorers came to Tasmania with noble intentions of gathering knowledge about the world, as well as looking for trading opportunities. Considered to have high cultural value to Tasmanian Aboriginal people, they represent important physical evidence of Aboriginal occupation in the area for the past 35,000 years. The colonial Government assigned troops to drive them out. Plants were carefully selected to produce strong, thin, narrow strips of fibre of suitable length for basket making. The Aboriginal people traded kangaroo skins for such goods. Aboriginal cultural heritage is the tangible and intangible legacy of Tasmania’s Aboriginal people. The mythology of the Aboriginal Tasmanians appears to be complex and possibly specific to each clan group. Among the most remarkable Aboriginal rockshelter sites in Tasmania are those located within the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA). In each of these from twenty to thirty blacks were lodged ... To savages accustomed to sleep naked in the open air beneath the rudest shelter, the change to close and heated dwellings tended to make them susceptible, as they had never been in their wild state, to chills from atmospheric changes, and was only too well calculated to induce those severe By January 1832 a further 44 captured Aboriginal residents had arrived and conflicts arose between the tribal groups. ("In light of the U.N. definition, sufficient evidence exists to designate the Tasmanian catastrophe genocide." Tasmanian Aboriginal people would describe these entities as "devils" and related that these spiritual beings as walking alongside Aboriginal people "carrying a torch but could not be seen".Mannarlargenna, in particular, described consulting his "devil" which seems to be a resident personal spirituality that provided prognostic or oracular powers. As a  result, they developed physical and cultural differences from mainland Australian Aborigines.Archaeologists have found remains such as bones and charcoal at many sites and have used radiocarbon techniques to date these materials, showing where and what Aborigines were hunting and eating, and how long ago.Some sites were occupied several times through the ages. They occupied the 260 km2 of country surrounding the The Plangermaireener clan is recorded as variously inhabiting the south-east aspect of the Ben Lomond region and also has been associated with the Oyster Bay or Cape Portland Clans to the east - indeed the chief The Plindermairhemener are recorded in association with the south and south-western aspects of the regionThe Ben Lomond nation is sometimes described as the Ben Lomond/Pennyroyal Creek nation from an entry in This is a misnomer, as the Pennyroyal Creek was the original European name for the The clans of the Ben Lomond nation were nomadic, and the Aboriginal residents hunted along the valleys of the Batman further describes the relationship between the clans of the Ben Lomond nation and the North East nation:

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