Therefore in case B the process B would recognize that a second transmission of frame one was duplicated, discard the frame and resend acknowledgement for frame one. The transmitter holds a CRC check bits that covers the header and information bits to enable the receiver to determine where the errors have occurred during transmission. Receiver is always in ready state. In Selective Repeat ARQ, if 5 is the number of bits for the sequence number, then the maximum size of the send window must be _____. Preserve and follow the sequence of events form the book.

Stop-and-wait ARQ, also referred to as alternating bit protocol, is a method in telecommunications to send information between two connected devices. If no acknowledgement is received within some time-out period, the transmitter re-sends the frame and once again stops and waits. In Stop-and-Wait ARQ, the acknowledgment number always announces in_____arithmetic the sequence number of the next frame expected. But as the time-out expires pre-maturely frame zero is received correctly and acknowledgement is returned. In Stop-and-Wait ARQ, the acknowledgment number always announces in _____ arithmetic the sequence number of the next frame expected.

Shortly thereafter process A receives an acknowledgement and assume it is for the very last frame. In addition to information frames, control frames are shutter blocks that consist of a header and CRC. Using the pair of one-bit information, frame sequence number and one-bit acknowledgment sequence number, there are four possible global states. But in the mean time process A has resent frame zero.

In this case frame zero is transmitted. They use a sliding window to specify a set of sequence number corresponding to frames permitted to send or receive. We further discuss local area network and wireless LAN. In the second part, we discuss how medium access control protocols coordinate the access to the communication channel so that information gets through from a source to a destination in the same broadcast local area network. In stop-and-wait ARQ why shoukld the receiver always send an acknowledgement message each time it receives a frame with a wrong number sequence?

In the meantime the second transmission of frame zero has been received and acknowledged by process B.

Efficiency. When process A received a second acknowledgement, the process assumes that acknowledgement is for frame one and it proceeds to transmit frame two. The mechanism fails because frame one is not delivered.

Control frames are used to positive acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement. The ambiguity is resolved by providing a sequence number in acknowledgement of frames that enable the transmitter to determine which frames have been received. The sequence numbers need to be concise because only a finite number of bit are variable in the frame headers. Answered - [simple arithmetic] [modulo-2 arithmetic] [logical arithmetic] [modular multiplicative inverse] are the options of mcq question Sequence numbers of Stop-and-Wait Automatic Repeat Request are based on realted topics topics with 0 Attempts, 0 % Average Score, 0 Topic Tagged and 0 People Bookmarked this question which was asked on May 02, 2019 16:50 Transmission errors tally to possible ambiguities when frames are unnumbered. Notice that each time transmitter sends an information frame it starts a frame timer that will expire after some time-out period. It ensures that information is not lost due to dropped packets and that packets are received in the correct order. The Stop-and-Wait ARQ discussed in the previous section is very inefficient if … Now the receiver has two copies of the same frame, and doesn't know if the second one is a duplicate frame or the next frame of the sequence carrying identical DATA. All ARQ protocols require the frame to contain a header which can store information that is needed for it's proper operation. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that Stop and Wait ARQ - Used in Connection-oriented communication.

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