This treatment is usually reserved as a last-line therapy.Drainage of excess fluid may be necessary. Certain medications can also be a cause. The heart on the left shows a heart with a normal pericardium.Pericarditis is swelling and irritation of the pericardium, the thin saclike membrane surrounding your heart. It often intensifies when you cough, lie down or inhale deeply. The doctor will listen with a stethoscope for signs of excess fluid.They’ll also listen for friction rub.
Your doctor likely will start by taking your medical history and asking questions about your chest pain and other symptoms. As part of your initial evaluation, your doctor will also perform a physical exam and check your heart sounds.While listening to your heart, your doctor will place a stethoscope on your chest to check for the sounds characteristic of pericarditis, which are made when the pericardial layers rub against each other. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. At times, it may be difficult to distinguish pericardial pain from the pain that occurs with a heart attack.Chronic pericarditis is usually associated with chronic inflammation and may result in fluid around the heart (pericardial effusion). Inflammation can occur in many places in the heart. Removal of the pericardium is called pericardiectomy. © 1998-2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Acute pericarditis usually lasts less than three weeks. The layers have a small amount of fluid between them to prevent friction when the heart beats. Your symptoms may worsen when you: lie flat take deep breaths cough swallow
For example, although the cause of acute chest pain may be pericarditis, the original cause could have been a heart attack or a blood clot of the lungs (pulmonary embolus).Under normal circumstances, the two-layered pericardial sac that surrounds your heart contains a small amount of lubricating fluid. When your pericardium is inflamed, the amount of fluid may increase between the two layers of tissue in the sac, resulting in an effusion. This can be performed surgically or by insertion of a catheter. That means less blood leaves the heart, which causes a dramatic drop in blood pressure. Pericarditis has different classification types, depending on the pattern of symptoms and how long symptoms last. Pericarditis is considered chronic if symptoms last longer than three months.If you have acute pericarditis, the most common symptom is sharp, stabbing chest pain behind the breastbone or in the left side of your chest. The symptoms may be nonspecific but can include shortness of breath and difficulty with exercise or doing daily activities. Early diagnosis and treatment may help to reduce the risk of long-term complications from pericarditis.Pericarditis has different classification types, depending on the pattern of symptoms and how long symptoms last.
If you have a bacterial infection, you may be given antibiotics.If you have other medical risks, your doctor may initially treat you in the hospital.Treatment aims to reduce your pain and inflammation and minimize risk of recurrence. The swelling causes a sharp pain as the affected pericardial layers rub together and irritate.
Your symptoms may vary, depending on the type of pericarditis you have.When you have a sharp chest pain, it’s best to seek medical help right away.Sitting up and leaning forward may make you feel better.Most often, the cause of pericarditis isn’t known. Sitting up and leaning forward can often ease the pain. However, chronic inflammation of the pericardium can cause scarring that prevents the heart from beating appropriately and surgery may be required. The heart on the right shows a heart with pericarditis, in which the membrane (pericardium) that surrounds the heart is swollen and infected. Most often, pericarditis is self-limiting with medical care directed toward controlling the major symptom of pain.
"Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Pericarditis can feel like a heart attack, with a sharp or stabbing pain in your chest that comes on suddenly. Discuss with your doctor how long you should limit your activity.If you see any signs of recurrence, check with your doctor as soon as possible.Recovery from pericarditis takes time. When the layers are inflamed, it can result in chest pain.The role of the pericardial fluid is to lubricate the heart and the pericardium protect it from infection. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. © 2005-2020 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Dressler's syndrome may also be called postpericardiotomy syndrome, post-myocardial infarction syndrome and post-cardiac injury syndrome.In these people, the pericardium loses much of its elasticity and resembles a rigid case that's tight around the heart, which keeps the heart from working properly. But there can be complications with chronic pericarditis, including fluid buildup and constriction of the pericardium. This is the noise of your pericardium rubbing against the outer layer of your heart.Treatment for pericarditis will depend on its underlying cause, if it’s known. If you have symptoms of constrictive pericarditis, including shortness of breath, swelling of the legs and feet, water retention, heart palpitations, and severe swelling of the abdomen, call your cardiologist to schedule an evaluation. The sooner you are evaluated, the sooner you can receive proper diagnosis and treatment.
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