Lauer is famous for making excavating and restoring Saqqara’s treasures his life’s work. It was an experimental structure that was initially built as a square mastaba, which was gradually enlarged. If you don’t feel like haggling over prices with a driver on the street, ask your Beneath the Step pyramid, the builders created an intricate The intricately designed pyramid complex of Djoser was constructed reflecting its beauty both above the ground and below it. Specifically of It is believed that the oldest burials at the site span back to the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep III, the ninth ruler of ancient The perfection of the massive sarcophagi and their incredible polished surfaces have forced experts to rethink how ancient Egyptians worked with different types of stones.It is also not entirely defined how the ancient  Egyptians managed to transport the sarcophagi into position.This is perhaps one of the most mysterious structures built at Saqqara. Of these, the most interesting is the Pyramid of Teti, a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty whose inscribed basalt sarcophagus still lies inside the burial chamber. Ten pyramids remain in addition to Djoser’s masterpiece, some of which are open for exploration. The entire necropolis stretches across the central plateau for 2.5 km from the northern top of the row of first dynasty tombs to south of the pyramid complex of Sekhemkhet, and for the same distance from the eastern escarpment to the enigmatic great empty enclosure, the so-called Gisr el-Mudir, west of ancient Egypt’s first pyramid, the Step Pyramid of Djoser.If we combine the pyramid fields of Abusir to the north, and South Saqqara, its natural extensions, the necropolis is over 7.5 km (4 miles) long, resulting in one of the largest, most complex sites in Egypt.It is precisely this what was seen as the otherworldly counterpart of equally great cities like Memphis, which belonged to the living. Today, the Saqqara necropolis covers an area of 4 square miles (10 square kilometers). Since the original structure is believed to have been a square mastaba, archeologists argue the pyramid was never intended to be one, since there are no known square mastabas anywhere in Egypt.What lies beneath the pyramid of Djoser is equally mesmerizing. It dates back to the 27th century B.C. The walls of the enclosure were found in 1837, but the first proper excavations were carried out in 1947 and 1948 by the then director of the It was argued since the discovery of the structure that Gisr el-Mudir was most likely an unfinished pyramid complex from the third dynasty.However, in the 1990s, systematic research was undertaken by scientists from the National Museum of Scotland who made us of techniques like Pottery shards discovered between the double walls of the enclosure demonstrated that the structure dated back to the second or beginning of the third dynasty, which led Egyptologists to conclude the enclosure was erected at the end of the Second Dynasty.The builder of the enclosure or its exact purpose remains a profound mystery.Although we don’t have written evidence as to what the structure’s purpose was, scholars argue that the rectangular monument most likely represents a transitional state between the enclosures built at Abydos and the step pyramid complex of Djoser.As noted by archeologists who have excavated royal tombs throughout Egypt, three is evidence suggests that the design of 1st dynasty mastabas at Mastaba 3038, specifically, marks an important transition in ancient Egyptian architecture and design.Built around 3,700 BC, this mastaba is believed to have been almost designed and built as an elongated pyramid, had the early builders not left one of its sides uncovered.It didn’t take long for mastabas to evolve into superstructures. As generations changed, and ancient Egypt’s history saw different dynasties reign over the land, Saqqara saw kings come and go, building different monuments at Saqqara. Plan to visit as early as possible so that you can avoid the midday heat. The city of the living had to have had a city of the dead.Located no more than 30 kilometers from southern, modern-day Cairo, Saqqara is a treasure trove in history. Clad in polished white limestone, the step pyramid of Djoser is considered the earliest large-scale cut-stone construction in Egypt, and possibly draws precedents from the nearly great enclosure of Gisr el-Nudir, which predates the step pyramid complex by several generations.The Step pyramid of Djoser was built in six stages, resulting in six widely-recognized steps.

Saqqara Necropolis. Jessica Macdonald lives in South Africa's Eastern Cape province and has been TripSavvy's Africa Expert since 2016.

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